全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4630篇 |
免费 | 215篇 |
国内免费 | 114篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 849篇 |
农学 | 167篇 |
基础科学 | 132篇 |
959篇 | |
综合类 | 2402篇 |
农作物 | 52篇 |
水产渔业 | 84篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 106篇 |
园艺 | 62篇 |
植物保护 | 146篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 128篇 |
2022年 | 136篇 |
2021年 | 110篇 |
2020年 | 95篇 |
2019年 | 152篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 250篇 |
2016年 | 306篇 |
2015年 | 254篇 |
2014年 | 339篇 |
2013年 | 383篇 |
2012年 | 450篇 |
2011年 | 427篇 |
2010年 | 373篇 |
2009年 | 345篇 |
2008年 | 303篇 |
2007年 | 275篇 |
2006年 | 155篇 |
2005年 | 101篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4959条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
基于最小累计阻力模型的南京市生态安全格局构建 总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4
[目的]构建科学合理的生态安全格局,为生态文明建设背景下统筹推进市域国土空间可持续发展提供参考。[方法]基于生物多样性、水资源安全、地质灾害规避对江苏省南京市生态用地重要性进行定量评价,进而识别生态源地;参考PM_(2.5)浓度、夜间灯光数据对物种迁徙的影响构建修正后的生态阻力面;通过最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建区域生态安全格局。[结果]南京市生态源地面积490.3 km~2,基本涵盖国家级和省级自然保护地,识别结果较为合理。修正后生态阻力面的阻力值范围在0~43 854.6之间,阻力值较大的区域位于鼓楼区、秦淮区、建邺区东部等长江南岸,浦口区中部、玄武区中部、江宁区东北部等区域阻力较小,能够较好地表征区域生态过程差异。依托生态源地、缓冲区、生态廊道等核心组分,形成了"一带三区多轴"的南京市生态安全格局框架。[结论]改进后的生态安全格局构建方法行之有效,以此构建的生态安全格局框架与现有《南京市主体功能区实施规划》更加契合。 相似文献
102.
Background River and lake sediments constitute complex and difficult analytical samples. On the other hand, sediments play a fundamental
role in the distribution of toxic compounds in aquatic systems and in the evaluation of the current state and the course of
changes taking place in the environment.
Among elements present in the environment in trace concentrations, but having well-elaborated toxic properties, one of most
dangerous is arsenic. The element occurs in the environment in several chemical forms, predominant are inorganic forms of
As(V) and As(III), and methylated forms such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA).
Objectives Reported herein are experiments, which were undertaken with the aim of examining the dynamics of arsenic sorption in sediments
and its dependence on speciation of the element and the pH in the environment. Simultaneously, influence of organic matter
content and chemical composition of the sediments on As sorption, were investigated.
Methods Sediment samples (upper 10 cm layer) were collected from three sites located in the vicinity of Cracow:
Using XRD and IR methods, mineral composition of sediments was analysed. Concentrations of iron, manganese, aluminium and
arsenic as well as organic matter content in solid samples were analysed.
Sorption experiment 100 g of dry sediment sample was placed in a 400 ml volume glass beaker. 300 ml of arsenic containing solution was poured
into the beaker. Every 30 min (total experiment time span equalled 7 to 7.5 hours), 0.5 ml of the suspension’ (the beaker
content was constantly mixed) was collected and centrifuged, and the concentration of arsenic was determined in the supernatant.
In the series of experiments, solution contained about 0.05 μg/ml of arsenic in organic (DMAA) and inorganic forms, at different
pH values — 3, 5, 7 and 9.
Results and Discussion Examined sediments of Vistula river and Dobczyce Lake were characterised by relatively high concentrations of arsenic, iron,
manganese and aluminium.Rudawa river. At pH 3, the concentration of inorganic As in solution decreased from an initial value of 0.049 μg/ml to 0.012 μg/ml in
7.5 hours time. The same decreasing tendency was found at pH 5 (initial value 0.046 μg/ml, after 7.5 hours - 0.015 μg/ml).
Less distinct sorption effects were noted at pH 7 and 9.
Vistula river. At all pH values, a very significant decrease of inorganic As concentration up to 80% of the initial value, as well as a
short time of achieving an equilibrium state (1 – 2.5 hours), was found.
Dobczyce lake. Inorganic As was distinctly accumulated in sediments at pH 3 (decrease of As concentration in solution from 0.052 to 0.007
μg/ml after 7.5 hours of the experiment) and at pH 5. At pH 7, about 40% of As was accumulated in sediments (solution As concentration
decrease from 0.050 to 0.030). Only 20% of As adsorbed on sediments at pH 9.Very weak accumulation of organic form of As (DMAA)
was found in all examined sediments at pH 3 and 5. At higher pH values no sorption was registered.
Conclusions The following facts were established:
Recommendations The presented method of analysis of As sorption in sediments and results visualization (based on a newly defined coefficient)
provides a useful tool for the characterization of sorptive properties of sediments and may be used for other compounds as
well. Crucial, functional information — how much of a given element may be accumulated in sediments at a certain pH — is obtained
without digestion of the sediment sample, in an experiment taking less than one day. 相似文献
• | Rudawa river — 37 km long river, flowing mainly through the suburban area; |
• | Vistula river — heavily contaminated, main Polish river; |
• | Dobczyce reservoir — artificial reservoir on Raba river, total capacity of 125,000,000 m3, supplying about 60% of drinking water to the city of Cracow. |
• | inorganic form of arsenic was effectively accumulated in all analysed sediments; |
• | inorganic As sorption in sediments strongly depended on pH — for sediments of Rudawa river and Dobczyce lake, the highest sorption was found at pH 3, and a decrease of accumulated As was noted with an increase of pH (at pH 9, the lowest amount of As was immobilised in sediments); in the case of Vistula river sediments, a reverse tendency was found; |
• | organic form of arsenic (DMAA) was accumulated only at pH 3 in all sediments and less significantly at pH 5 (Vistula river sediments); no sorption of that form of As was found in the other sediment samples; |
• | state of equilibrium (no change in inorganic As concentration in liquid medium) was achieved in 1 hour for Vistula river sediments, after about 2 hours for Rudawa river and after about 4 hours for Dobczyce lake sediments. |
103.
104.
新疆石河子市土地利用数量变化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以新疆石河子市土地变更统计资料,以及其自然、社会、经济数据为依据,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,运用多种数学模型对石河子市土地利用现状、土地利用数量变化进行了探讨。结果表明,近12年来石河子市园地、林地、交通用地、居民点工矿用地的正向变化较明显,而负变化方面,则是以未利用地和耕地的变化最为突出。土地利用结构总体变化不大。土地利用类型的转移以非农建设占用农用地特别是占用耕地现象日益突出为主要特点,并呈现明显的地域差异。早期引起土地利用变化的主要原因是农业结构调整,而经济发展和城市迅速扩张则是后期变化的动因。 相似文献
105.
耕地数量生态位重心模型构建及其应用——以焦作市为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以生态位理论为基础,提出了耕地生态元和耕地生态位的概念。在此基础上,构建了用以量度耕地数量空间格局变化规律的耕地数量生态位重心模型,并运用该模型对焦作市1998-2004年期间耕地数量变化规律进行了分析。分析结果表明,该模型可以有效测度区域耕地数量整体变化特征及其年际变化程度大小,并可依据其变化规律探求区域耕地数量变化的驱动因素和驱动力。 相似文献
106.
基于土地综合承载力的西安市适度人口测度 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]测度和分析西安市2001—2011年的适度人口及其变化情况,探讨人口承载力变化的特征与原因,提出优化对策。[方法]食品承载力模型、生态足迹模型、改进的经济承载力模型和改进的综合承载力模型。[结果]2001—2011年,西安市的适度人口数量及结构呈现出阶段性变化;2004年开始,西安市人口承载赤字一直存在,并在经历一个快速增长阶段后出现缓和趋势;西安市经济人口承载力较强,而食品和生态人口承载力不足。[结论]提高区域综合承载力,土地承载是基础,经济承载是关键,生态承载是限制。 相似文献
107.
基于灰色预测法的芜湖市耕地变化研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用灰色系统预测理论,建立芜湖市耕地预测模型GM(1,1),利用1996-2003年耕地面积建立时间数列,对其求解、检验、预测,可得到今后数年的芜湖市耕地面积数量,对合理利用耕地资源、实现耕地的可持续发展有重要意义。最后并对灰色系统模型应用于耕地面积预测作了可行性分析,研究表明:①灰色模型适合于任何一个无规律到有规律的系统。②耕地数据在主导因素——政府政策没有太大的变化的情况下,它本身就是一个理想的灰色数列。③应用灰色模型作耕地面积预测为政府做耕地长期规划提供了一个较精确的预算方案。 相似文献
108.
基于城市分类的城市土地集约利用评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
均一区域城市土地集约利用评价的理论与方法已经趋于完善,在此基础上进行了全国地级城市土地集约利用评价.由于区域的差异性,首先开展了城市分类,然后再进行评价.在研究过程中,收集了与城市分类与集约利用评价相关的指标,主要包括建设用地与相关的社会经济指标.然后采用层次聚类分析的方法将((282((个地级城市分成了(3(类,采用主成分分析的方法分别对每一类型城市进行分析,得出每类型城市主成分的组数、每组主成分的贡献率及指标的因子值,分析了各类型城市主成分及指标因子值的差异.最后计算每类型城市的集约利用分值,根据集约利用分级表确定了全国各类型城市的土地集约利用的级别. 相似文献
109.
以天津市主要绿化树种为研究对象,对叶片中重金属元素和硫含量进行了分析。结果表明:各研究区域内重金属污染程度为:昆仑桥(市区)水上公园(近郊公园区)蓟县(远郊园林区)杨柳青庄园(远郊风景区),随着市中心到远郊污染程度降低,不同区域各树种叶片吸滞重金属程度也随之降低,4个区域树木叶片吸滞污染元素排序大致均为:SAsPbCuCrCd;在昆仑桥柳树对各元素的吸滞能力均比较强,槐树吸滞As和Cr能力较强,杨树吸滞Pb和Cr能力较强,白蜡吸滞Cu和As能力较强;水上公园桧柏吸滞Cd和Cr能力较强,龙柏吸滞Cd和As能力较强,白蜡对Pb和Cu吸滞能力较强,柳树对S吸滞能力较强,雪松对各种元素的吸滞能力较强,杨树吸滞各元素能力相对较弱;杨柳青庄园桧柏吸滞Cr能力较强,雪松和龙柏吸滞Pb能力较强,杨树对Cd和Cu吸滞能力较强,杜仲对As和S吸滞能力较强;蓟县雪松吸滞Cr的能力较强,杨树吸滞Cd,S和Cu的能力较强,柳树对各元素的吸滞能力均较强,龙柏对各元素吸滞能力均相对较弱。 相似文献
110.
重庆市位于长江上游生态屏障的最前沿,其水土流失对整个长江流域生态安全和三峡水利枢纽工程的安全运行有着重要影响。依据1999年重庆市水土流失遥感调查结合水土流失观测资料,评价了重庆市土壤侵蚀强度及区域分布。根据USLE方程中5N因子对土壤侵蚀敏感性影响,建立了土壤侵蚀敏感性评价指标体系,对重庆市土壤侵蚀敏感性进行评价。结合GIS技术,分析了重庆市土壤侵蚀敏感性的空间分布,探讨了土壤侵蚀的敏感性原因,并提出了有关水土保持对策。 相似文献